AP CSP Day 18: Packet Switching

Key Concepts

Packet switching breaks data into small packets that travel independently across a network and are reassembled at the destination. Each packet may take a different route through the network depending on traffic and availability. AP CSP exam questions test whether students understand why packet switching is more efficient and fault-tolerant than circuit switching, where a dedicated path is reserved for the entire transmission. Knowing that packets can arrive out of order and must be resequenced is a commonly tested detail.

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Packet Switching

How Data Travels

Data sent over the internet is broken into small chunks called packets. Each packet contains a header (source address, destination address, sequence number) and a payload (a chunk of the actual data). Packets travel independently through the network.

Why Packets?

Packet switching allows many users to share the same network links simultaneously. Different packets from the same file can take different routes and arrive out of order, then be reassembled at the destination using sequence numbers.

Common Trap: Assuming all packets take the same route. Each packet is routed independently based on current network conditions. Two packets from the same email may travel through completely different paths.
Exam Tip: Know that packets can arrive out of order, be duplicated, or be lost. TCP handles detection and retransmission. UDP does not, which is why UDP is faster but less reliable.
Big Idea 4: Computing Systems & Networks
Cycle 1 • Day 18 Practice • Medium Difficulty
Focus: Packet Switching

Practice Question

When an email is sent over the Internet, the message is divided into packets. Which of the following is true about how these packets travel?

Why This Answer?

In packet switching, individual packets can travel along different routes through the network based on availability and congestion. Each packet carries sequence information so they can be reassembled in the correct order at the destination, regardless of arrival order.

Why Not the Others?

A) A key advantage of packet switching is that packets can independently find the best available route. B is correct. C) Multiple packets can travel simultaneously through different paths — this parallelism improves efficiency. D) All digital data, regardless of size, can be divided into packets for transmission.

Common Mistake
Watch Out!

Students think packets travel in strict sequence along a single path, like cars in a convoy. Packets are more like individual letters in the postal system — each can take a different route.

AP Exam Tip

Packet switching = packets take independent paths. Circuit switching = dedicated path. The Internet uses packet switching for efficiency and fault tolerance.

Keep Practicing!

Consistent daily practice is the key to AP CSP success.

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