1. Which of the following is an example of metadata for a text message?

• The words written in the message.
• The timestamp, sender phone number, and recipient phone number.
• The autocorrect suggestions generated.
• The font size used to display the message.

2. A person encrypts all their emails. What privacy concern still exists?

• None — encryption protects all aspects of the email.
• The email content can still be read despite encryption.
• Metadata (sender, recipient, timestamp, subject line) may still be visible to network observers.
• Encryption increases the risk of metadata exposure.

3. Consider: I. Metadata can reveal location, timing, and communication patterns without revealing message content. II. Encrypting a file also encrypts its metadata. III. Social media platforms typically strip location metadata from uploaded photos.

• I only
• I and III only
• I, II, and III
• II only

4. A smartphone photo’s EXIF data typically includes:

• Only the image resolution and color profile.
• GPS location, timestamp, device model, and camera settings.
• The names of people in the photo identified by facial recognition.
• Only the file size and creation date.

5. Why is metadata considered a privacy concern even when content is protected?

• Metadata reveals the quality of the content.
• Patterns in metadata can reveal sensitive information about behavior, location, relationships, and health.
• Metadata is easier to steal than content.
• Metadata always contains personal identification numbers.

6. Which would be considered metadata for a phone call?

• The conversation topics discussed.
• The caller’s accent and voice.
• The call duration, start time, and both phone numbers.
• The background noise captured during the call.

7. A file’s metadata is best described as:

• A summary of the file’s content.
• Data that provides information about the file without being the primary content itself.
• A backup copy of the file.
• The file’s name and location on a storage device.

8. An app requests permission to access your photos and location. Even if you only share photos (not location data directly), what privacy risk exists?

• None — photos don’t contain location information.
• Photos with GPS metadata reveal your location history through embedded EXIF data.
• The app can track your location only through the camera.
• Photo metadata only reveals the date, not location.

9. Which action best reduces the privacy risk of GPS metadata in smartphone photos?

• Use a password to protect the photo app.
• Disable location services for the camera app or strip EXIF data before sharing.
• Only share photos with trusted friends.
• Use JPEG format instead of PNG.

10. A government agency claims it only collects “metadata, not content” of communications. Privacy advocates argue this is still a significant concern. The advocates’ strongest argument is:

• Metadata and content are the same thing.
• Collecting any data is illegal regardless of type.
• Metadata patterns can reveal highly personal information about individuals — who they contact, where they go, their routines and relationships — without accessing message content.
• The government will eventually access content anyway.