AP CSP Day 64: List Operations: Insert and Remove Index Shifting | Cycle 3

Key Concepts

In AP CSP pseudocode, lists are 1-indexed. INSERT shifts existing elements right. REMOVE shifts elements left to fill the gap. Performing multiple inserts and removes in sequence requires re-evaluating indices after each operation because positions change.

Study the Concept First (Optional) Click to expand ▼

Index Shifting After Insert and Remove

INSERT Behavior

INSERT(list, i, value) places the new value at index i and shifts everything from index i onward to the right. The list length increases by 1.

REMOVE Behavior

REMOVE(list, i) deletes the element at index i and shifts everything after it to the left. The list length decreases by 1.

Common Trap: After a REMOVE, students forget that all subsequent indices have shifted down by 1. Each subsequent operation works on the modified list, not the original.
Exam Tip: Write out the list state after EACH operation. Do not try to compute the final state in your head. One wrong index cascades through all subsequent operations.
Big Idea 3: Algorithms & Programming
Cycle 3 • Day 64 Practice • Hard Difficulty
Focus: List Operations: Insert and Remove Index Shifting

Practice Question

Consider the following code segment.

list ← ["P", "Q", "R", "S", "T"]
REMOVE(list, 2)
INSERT(list, 3, "X")
REMOVE(list, 1)

What are the contents of list after the code segment executes?

Why This Answer?

Step 1: Start with ["P", "Q", "R", "S", "T"]. REMOVE(list, 2) removes "Q". List becomes ["P", "R", "S", "T"]. Step 2: INSERT(list, 3, "X") inserts "X" at index 3, shifting "S" and "T" right. List becomes ["P", "R", "X", "S", "T"]. Step 3: REMOVE(list, 1) removes "P". List becomes ["R", "X", "S", "T"].

Why Not the Others?

A) Would occur if REMOVE(list, 2) removed "R" instead of "Q" (wrong element). B) Assumes INSERT placed "X" after "S" rather than at index 3. C) Keeps "P" in the list, missing the final REMOVE operation.

Common Mistake
Watch Out!

Students trace the first operation correctly but forget to re-index before the second operation. After removing index 2, what was at index 3 is now at index 2.

AP Exam Tip

Write out the list state after EACH operation. Do not try to compute the final state in your head. One wrong index cascades through all subsequent operations.

Keep Practicing!

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