2010 AP CSA FRQ 3: Trail - Solution

2010 AP CSA FRQ 3: Trail

Topic: 2D Arrays & Elevation Analysis

Skills: 2D array traversal, finding differences, boolean logic

Unit: Unit 4 (Data Collections) (2025-2026 AP CSA)

Points: 9 | Time: ~22 minutes

Part (a)

Write the isLevelTrailSegment method that checks if a trail segment is level.

Try First! Attempt before viewing solution.

Solution

public boolean isLevelTrailSegment(int start, int end)
{
    for (int i = start; i < end; i++)
    {
        if (Math.abs(markers[i] - markers[i + 1]) > 10)
        {
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

Part (b)

Write the isDifficult method that determines if the trail is difficult based on elevation changes.

Solution

public boolean isDifficult()
{
    int count = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < markers.length - 1; i++)
    {
        if (Math.abs(markers[i] - markers[i + 1]) >= 30)
        {
            count++;
        }
    }
    return count >= 3;
}

Key Concepts

✓ Math.abs() for absolute value of differences
✓ Adjacent element comparison in arrays
✓ Counter pattern for counting occurrences
✓ Loop bounds: stop at length - 1 for adjacent comparison

Common Mistakes

Off-by-one in loop bounds (ArrayIndexOutOfBounds)
Forgetting Math.abs() for elevation differences
Wrong comparison operators (< vs <=)
Not returning false early when condition violated
Practice Similar: 2019 FRQ 4 | 2022 FRQ 4 | 2023 FRQ 4

Official Resources

Author: Tanner Crow - AP CS Teacher, 11+ years

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